Security Guard

Who is a security guard

Security guards keep people, animals, possessions, and property safe from harm, damage, disturbances, theft, and other criminal actions. They work alone or in teams, often on long shifts (12 hours a day in most cases). The job can be hectic and risky, so this page covers what a guard does and what is needed to become one.

Roles and responsibilities

Security guards look after clients and their assets, protecting them from threats of violence and assault. They may stay in one spot for a shift or patrol a property looking for criminal activity. They also provide security at events and during the transport of people and assets. Some carry weapons for protection and use surveillance devices, alarms, and access control equipment.

A guard’s duties include:

• Being a visible deterrent
• Making sure visitors follow laws and rules
• Watching visitors in high-traffic areas
• Making sure visitors show ID or passes
• Checking bags with metal detectors
• Keeping people out of restricted areas
• Inspecting the areas they guard
• Making sure areas are secure during maintenance and emergencies
• Monitoring security camera feeds
• Looking for and reporting suspicious activity
• Dealing with potential threats
• Acting in emergencies
• Assisting police and firefighters in rescue operations
• Detaining possible suspects
• Reporting criminal activity to police
• Calling paramedics in medical emergencies
• Advising people on safety precautions

Qualifications

Educational requirements

A security guard typically needs formal schooling up to Class 8, Class 10, or higher from a recognised board, and the ability to read, write, and speak the local language. Training from a vocational institute, a security training institute, or an armed forces training camp is also required. Some roles need martial arts skills or the ability to handle weapons.

Guards with advanced qualifications, training, and experience can move into supervisory or senior roles, or start their own security agencies.

Certifications

Professional certifications are available from agencies such as the NSDC and NISSM. These programmes follow PSARA standards and usually last from three to twenty days.

To provide private security services legally, a guard must hold a five-year renewable license from the state government. Eligibility requires:

• Indian citizenship
• Age between 18 and 65
• Completion of the required security training and physical standards
• No criminal conviction related to company fraud
• No conviction for an offence carrying two years of imprisonment
• No links with banned organisations or criminal groups
• No dismissal from government service for misconduct or moral turpitude

Training requirements

Under PSARA standards, training must cover security law, criminal law, public conduct, physical security, physical access, IED handling, crowd control, defensive driving, theft prevention, and first aid and CPR. Guards may also need training in surveillance, CCTV, security equipment, firefighting (including fire extinguishers and hydrants), evacuation and rescue operations, police work, firearms, and leadership and management.

Skills

• Calm and logical thinking — remaining calm and thinking clearly in difficult situations
• Communication — communicating with people, groups, and emergency services when needed
• Technical skills — operating smartphones, radios, computers, and other tools required by the job
• Problem-solving — identifying and assessing difficult situations and finding the right solution
• Leadership — controlling and directing people during critical events such as robberies and rescues
• Customer service — being courteous, accurate, and polite in all interactions
• Firearms skills — for armed guards, operating firearms while securing the premises

Work environment

Guards work in a variety of environments depending on customer needs. Most are stationed at a specific location but may travel when required. They either stay in one place or patrol the premises, inspecting the grounds regularly and watching for suspicious activity. The environment can be quiet or noisy depending on the location. Guards must carry an ID card and wear uniforms.

Pay

Pay varies by employer, location, duties, skills, and experience. Guards working for government, international corporations, private companies, or high-net-worth individuals typically earn more. In a city location, average pay is around ₹12,500–15,000 a month. Most guards receive EPF and ESI as part of the package, providing long-term savings and medical insurance.

Becoming a security guard

1. Pass 8th or 10th grade. Some employers prefer a 10th standard (SSC) certificate. You must read, write, and speak the local language. Interpersonal and conflict-resolution skills help.
2. Complete security training. Under PSARA rules, 160 hours of security training qualifies you for professional work. The PSARA website lists training institutes across India.
3. Get certified. Between 18 and 65, you can join a vocational or security training institute and earn an NSQF Level 4 certification in Unarmed or Armed Security Guard. Employers treat it as evidence of the required skills and knowledge.
4. Obtain a license. Apply to the Controlling Authority appointed by the state government, submit an affidavit with your details, and pay the application fee. The license is valid for five years. The Controlling Authority can cancel or revoke it for fake or misrepresented details, poor service, or illegal activity.